Balochistan’s abundant natural resources and strategic location constitute Pakistan’s economic and geopolitical framework. However, separatist elements within the province have long propagated the narrative that other provinces are exploiting Balochistan’s wealth for their own benefit. This claim, rooted in misrepresentation and selective interpretation of facts, ignores the significant constitutional, economic, and developmental efforts made by Pakistan to ensure the equitable distribution of resources and to address the unique challenges faced by Balochistan.
The argument that other provinces are exploiting Balochistan’s resources fails to account for the mechanisms established under Pakistan’s constitutional framework to ensure fair revenue sharing among the provinces. The National Finance Commission (NFC) Award, the primary mechanism for resource allocation, ensures that revenue generated from natural resources, such as gas, is shared equitably. According to the latest NFC Award, Balochistan’s share of federal transfers increased to 9.09% despite its population being only about 6% of Pakistan’s total. This disproportionately higher share reflects an acknowledgment of the province’s developmental needs and challenges, ensuring its resource wealth benefits its population. In fiscal terms, Balochistan received approximately PKR 289 billion in federal transfers during the 2022-2023 fiscal year, which is significantly higher than earlier allocations. (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2023)
Balochistan’s natural gas, often at the centre of this narrative, is a prime example of how resource distribution is managed transparently and equitably. While the Sui gas fields in Balochistan contribute significantly to Pakistan’s natural gas supply, the revenue generated from these fields is not monopolized by any single province. Instead, under the Gas Development Surcharge (GDS) mechanism, a significant portion of the revenue is allocated directly to Balochistan. Between 2010 and 2020, Balochistan received over PKR 100 billion in gas royalties and surcharges, as per the data released byMinistry of Finance, Pakistan. These funds are specifically earmarked for provincial development, addressing the infrastructure and social needs of the region.
Additionally, the narrative of exploitation disregards the extensive developmental efforts undertaken by the federal government in Balochistan. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), one of the region’s most ambitious infrastructure and development projects, has prioritized Balochistan as a key beneficiary. Gwadar Port, the flagship project of CPEC, is expected to handle over 300 million tons of cargo annually once fully operational, transforming the province into a critical hub for trade and regional connectivity. Alongside this, the construction of highways spanning over 3,000 kilometres in the province and extensive investments in energy and industrial zones underscore Pakistan’s commitment to addressing Balochistan’s developmental disparities. (CPEC Authority, 2023) These projects have created over 80,000 jobs for residents, with further employment opportunities anticipated as development accelerates.
Education and healthcare, long-standing challenges in Balochistan, have also been prioritized to empower its population. The federal government has allocated PKR 2 billion annually for scholarships exclusively for Baloch students, enabling thousands to pursue higher education at leading institutions across Pakistan. Furthermore, establishing six new universities and multiple vocational training centers in Balochistan underscores a sustained effort to uplift human capital. As per Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, 2023 report, Healthcare initiatives, such as constructing hospitals in Quetta, Gwadar, and Turbat, have improved access to medical services for thousands of residents.
The propaganda of resource exploitation also fails to acknowledge the socio-political complexities of Balochistan, where tribal dynamics and local governance structures often play a significant role in resource distribution. Historically, tribal elites in Balochistan have maintained considerable control over local resources and their allocation. This internal disparity has often contributed to the sense of deprivation among ordinary citizens, mischaracterized as exploitation by other provinces. Addressing these local governance issues is as critical as ensuring equitable resource distribution at the national level.
Furthermore, the narrative of exploitation is actively fueled by external actors seeking to destabilize Pakistan. Intelligence reports and documented evidence highlight the involvement of foreign entities in funding and supporting separatist movements in Balochistan. These external forces amplify claims of resource exploitation to exacerbate tensions and undermine Pakistan’s efforts to foster unity and development in the region. According to a statement given by Inter-Services Public Relations, the arrest of Indian intelligence operative Kulbhushan Jadhav provided concrete evidence of such interference, with his confessions detailing the support given to insurgent groups to disrupt economic projects, particularly in resource-rich areas.
In reality, Balochistan’s challenges result from historical neglect, systemic underdevelopment, and socio-political complexities rather than targeted exploitation by other provinces. The federal government’s recent initiatives reflect a paradigm shift in addressing these challenges through targeted investments, increased resource allocation, and inclusive development policies. It is crucial to recognize that Balochistan’s prosperity is integral to Pakistan’s overall progress, and the narrative of exploitation undermines the collective efforts being made to ensure the province’s advancement.
In conclusion, the claim that other provinces are exploiting Balochistan’s wealth is not only factually incorrect but also a disservice to the Baloch people’s genuine grievances and developmental aspirations. The equitable mechanisms established for resource distribution and substantial federal investments in infrastructure, education, and healthcare highlight the commitment to Balochistan’s progress. While challenges remain, they stem from complex historical and internal dynamics rather than inter-provincial exploitation. Balochistan can achieve its full potential as an integral and prosperous part of Pakistan through unity, transparency, and continued investment in human and economic development.
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